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Solar panels, often referred to as photovoltaic (PV) panels, harness the suns free, renewable energy to generate electricity.
The photovoltaic effect is a phenomenon which occurs when certain materials generate an electric current in response to sunlight. This effect was first observed in 1839 by French physicist Edmond Becquerel, and forms the basis of solar panel technology.
When the particles of sunlight, called photons, hit the surface of a solar cell, they transfer their energy to electrons within the cell’s semiconductor material. This energy causes the electrons to break free from their atoms and create an electric current.
Solar cells are the building blocks of solar panels, responsible for capturing sunlight and converting it into electrical energy. Solar cells are often made from silicon, a widely available semiconductor material with excellent photovoltaic properties.
The structure of a typical solar cell consists of multiple layers. The top layer is treated to have an excess of electrons, while the bottom layer is treated to have less electrons. This creates an electrical field within the cell, which allows for the movement of electrons when sunlight hits the surface.
As sunlight penetrates the solar cell, photons interact with the silicon (or other semiconductor material) atoms, causing electrons to be knocked loose. They are then drawn towards the electrical field, creating a flow of electricity. Metal contacts on the top and bottom of the solar cell collect this electricity and transfer it to external circuits for use.
Solar cells generate direct current (DC) electricity, yet most homes and businesses operate on alternating current (AC) electricity.
Inverters are essential components of solar PV systems. They are responsible for converting the DC electricity produced by solar panels into AC electricity that can be used to power your home.
Inverters achieve this conversion through a process called inversion, where the DC electricity is fed through electronic circuits that rapidly switch the polarity of the current, creating an alternating flow. This AC electricity is then synchronised with the utility grid’s frequency and voltage before being fed into the electrical system of the building.
In addition to converting electricity, inverters also perform crucial functions including monitoring system performance, optimising power output, and ensuring safety by disconnecting the system from the grid in the event of a power outage.
One of the most significant environmental benefits of solar energy is its role in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change. Unlike fossil fuel based power generation, which releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane into the atmosphere, solar energy produces no direct emissions during operation.
Utilising solar energy can also help us conserve natural resources by reducing our reliance on finite fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuel extraction and combustion contribute to air and water pollution, and deplete non-renewable resources that take millions of years to form.
Solar panels are a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to our energy needs, helping to reduce carbon emissions and conserve natural resources. By embracing solar energy, we can create a cleaner, healthier planet for future generations.
Get in touch today to see how HeatElectric can help you on your solar journey.
