Heat pumps vs. electric heating

With the world moving steadily towards Net Zero, the way we heat our homes is more important than ever. So, which is the better option?
  • Posted by Emily Jade
  • 10 min read (1295 words)
  • Last updated 13 Jun, 2024
  • Category: Heat Pumps

With the world moving steadily towards Net Zero, the way we heat our homes is more important than ever. Renewable energy is becoming more mainstream, making low-carbon alternatives such as heat pumps and electric heating the go-to solutions for a sustainable future. So, which is the better option? Let’s delve into the details of each system, their pros and cons, and determine which low-carbon heating solution is best.

Heat pumps: What are the options?

Heat pumps capture heat from outside and move it around your home. There are two main types of heat pump: air source and ground source.

Air source heat pumps explained

Air source heat pumps look a little like air conditioning units, and are installed outside the house next to an external wall. They vary in size depending on your homes heating needs, and can be used for both heating and cooling.

How do air source heat pumps work?

Air source heat pumps work similarly to refrigerators. They absorb heat from the outside air and release it inside. Despite their efficiency, they deliver a lower heat supply than other systems, leaving homeowners opting for supplemental heating solutions to heat their homes.

Types of air source heat pump

  • Air to air
    Air to air heat pumps transfer air into your home via a fan system, used for heating or cooling.
  • Air to water
    Air to water heat pumps integrate with your central heating system to provide hot water or space heating.

Pros of air source heat pumps

  • Can work as both a heater and a cooler
  • Versatile – can suit many types of buildings
  • Long lifespan – can last up to 20 years
  • Can be paired with a smart thermostat
  • Government grants currently available for installation of a heat pump
  • Can be used to heat water

Cons of air source heat pumps

  • High installation fees – can cost up to £18000
  • High maintenance needs – requires annual servicing and regular cleaning
  • Less efficient during cold weather
  • Lower heat supply than other systems
  • Not suitable for poorly insulated properties
  • Can be noisy

Ground source heat pumps explained

Ground source heat pumps use buried pipes to extract heat from the ground and transfer it to your home’s central heating system. The ground’s consistent temperature year-round gives these systems an advantage over air source heat pumps, particularly in the colder months.

How do ground source heat pumps work?

Pipes are installed either horizontally or vertically in the ground, connected to the heat pump unit indoors. This setup extracts heat from the earth, converts it into liquid circulating through the pipes, and transfers it to your home’s heating system via a heat exchanger.

Types of ground source heat pump

  • Horizontal closed loop
    The pipes are buried in horizontal trenches, requiring a vast amount of space.
  • Vertical closed loop
    Pipes are buried in vertical boreholes, more suitable for limited spaces but costlier to install.

Pros of ground source heat pumps

  • Can increase property value
  • Quieter operation than air source heat pumps
  • Longer lifespan – up to 30 years
  • Can be paired with a smart thermostat
  • Government grants currently available for installation of a heat pump
  • Can be used for water heating

Cons of ground source heat pumps

  • Very high installation fees – can be up to £45000
  • Planning permission may be required to install
  • Complicated installation: Significant home and garden work
  • Requires annual servicing, generally costing around £70 - £150
  • Efficiency can be affected by soil type
  • May need extra retrofitting for insulation, further increasing costs

Electric heating: What are the options?

Electric heating systems are 100% efficient at point of use. For maximum efficiency, we recommend systems that use radiant heat, include energy-saving features, and offer smart programming. Electric radiators are particularly effective, making them strong contenders as low-carbon heating solutions.

Electric radiators explained

Our ELKATHERM® electric radiators are German manufactured, ultra-efficient and highly controllable, serving as an excellent primary heating system for homes. They are available in a huge range of wattages, sizes, shapes, styles and colours to fit any room design and heating requirement.

How do ELKATHERM® electric radiators work?

ELKATHERM® radiators contain a smart ceramic fireclay core, which heats to its optimum working temperature in minutes and stays warm for hours with minimal top ups. The heating element is directly embedded into the core, ensuring longevity and efficiency. They heat your home using a combination of convected and radiated heat, providing quick heat up times and long-lasting warmth, ensuring comfort even when they aren’t drawing power.

Pros of ELKATHERM® electric radiators

  • Available in over 60 shapes & sizes
  • Choose from 200 different colours
  • Heats up in minutes, stays warm for hours with minimal top-ups
  • Versatile installation
  • No mandatory annual servicing requirements
  • Long lifespan backed by 25-year guarantee on internal heat core
  • Suitable for retrofits and extensions
  • Available with WiFi app, allowing you to control your heating from anywhere

What about water heating?

For your hot water heating, we recommend Sunamp. Compact, efficient and cost-effective, Sunamp’s heat battery technology uses a phase change material to turn clean, fresh, cold water into fast flowing hot water. Sunamp can save you time, money, space and energy. The heat batteries are up to four times smaller than equivalent hot water cylinders, freeing up vital space in your home whilst providing cascades of mains pressure hot water throughout your home. Sunamp can use standard or off-peak tariffs to charge, and can work with almost any energy source – including solar PV.

Heat pumps vs. electric heating: The verdict

The UK government’s push for heat punps faces significant hurdles: specifically high installation costs and the structural limitations of many UK homes.

  • Space restrictions
    Many UK homes have limited outdoor space, especially those in urban and suburban areas. Air source heat pumps are somewhat more versatile, but come with maintenance challenges and lower heat output.
  • High upfront costs
    Even with government incentives, the substantial initial investment deters many homeowners.
  • Insulation improvements
    Older homes may require significant insulation improvements before they are able to fit a heat pump, adding to the expense.

Conversely, electric heating solutions like ELKATHERM® radiators are gaining popularity, with just 37000 homes using heat pumps and 2.2 million using electric heating. The lower upfront costs, ease of installation, zero maintenance, and superior controllability make electric heating the preferred choice for many households.

Welcome to the future of electric heating

Electric heating offers unmatched control and flexibility for transitioning to a low-carbon home. It’s cost-effective and efficient, allowing gradual upgrades rather than a full retrofit. Get in touch today to book your free home survey and make the first step towards a low-carbon home.

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